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What is Facilitating Learning by Lucas and Corpuz?
Facilitating learning is a book that aims to help teachers enhance their teaching skills by applying the principles of metacognition. Metacognition is the awareness and control of one's own thinking and learning processes. The book was written by Maria Rita D. Lucas and Brenda B. Corpuz, who are both professors of education at Centro Escolar University in the Philippines. The book was published by Lorimar Publishing in 2014 and has four editions.
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Why is facilitating learning important?
Facilitating learning is important because it can improve the quality of education and the outcomes of students. Facilitating learning can help teachers to:
Design effective instruction that aligns with the curriculum standards and the learners' needs
Implement learner-centered approaches that foster active participation and engagement
Assess learners' progress and provide timely feedback
Develop learners' critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, and self-directed learning skills
Enhance learners' motivation, confidence, and satisfaction
Facilitating learning can also benefit students by:
Increasing their interest and curiosity in the subject matter
Enabling them to construct their own knowledge and understanding
Empowering them to take responsibility for their own learning
Supporting them to monitor and regulate their own learning strategies
Preparing them for lifelong learning and career readiness
How does facilitating learning work?
Facilitating learning works by applying the metacognitive process of planning, monitoring, and evaluating. These are the three phases that guide teachers and students in managing their own learning.
Planning
Planning involves setting goals and objectives for the learning activity. Teachers need to plan what they want to teach, how they will teach it, and how they will assess it. They also need to consider the learners' characteristics, such as their prior knowledge, interests, abilities, preferences, and styles. Students need to plan what they want to learn, how they will learn it, and how they will measure it. They also need to activate their prior knowledge, set their expectations, and choose their strategies.
Monitoring
Monitoring involves checking progress and feedback during the learning activity. Teachers need to monitor how well they are delivering the instruction, how well the learners are understanding and applying the concepts, and how well the learning environment is supporting the learning. They also need to provide feedback to the learners, such as praise, correction, clarification, and reinforcement. Students need to monitor how well they are following the instruction, how well they are comprehending and retaining the information, and how well they are using their strategies. They also need to seek feedback from the teachers, peers, or other sources.
Evaluating
Evaluating involves assessing outcomes and reflection after the learning activity. Teachers need to evaluate how well they have achieved their goals and objectives, how well the learners have performed and learned, and how well the instruction and assessment methods have worked. They also need to reflect on their strengths and weaknesses, their successes and challenges, and their areas for improvement. Students need to evaluate how well they have met their goals and objectives, how well they have demonstrated and transferred their knowledge and skills, and how well their strategies have helped them. They also need to reflect on their achievements and difficulties, their feelings and attitudes, and their plans for future learning.
What are the strategies for facilitating learning?
Facilitating learning requires using various strategies that can enhance the teaching and learning process. Some of the strategies are:
Activating prior knowledge
Activating prior knowledge means using the existing knowledge that learners have about a topic to help them connect with new information. Prior knowledge can be activated by using schema theory and concept maps. Schema theory suggests that knowledge is organized into mental structures or schemas that represent categories of information. Concept maps are graphical tools that show the relationships among concepts in a hierarchical or networked manner. Teachers can use schema theory and concept maps to:
Assess learners' prior knowledge before introducing new topics
Activate learners' prior knowledge by asking questions, giving examples, or using analogies
Help learners organize their new knowledge by creating or modifying their schemas or concept maps
Help learners integrate their new knowledge with their prior knowledge by making connections or comparisons
Engaging learners' interest
Engaging learners' interest means stimulating learners' curiosity and attention to the topic. Interest can be engaged by using motivation theories and relevance. Motivation theories explain why learners are motivated to learn and what factors influence their motivation. Relevance refers to the perceived value or usefulness of the topic for the learners' goals, needs, or interests. Teachers can use motivation theories and relevance to:
Assess learners' motivation levels before starting new topics
Engage learners' interest by arousing their curiosity, creating suspense, or using humor
Help learners identify their intrinsic or extrinsic motives for learning
Help learners see the relevance of the topic by linking it to their personal, academic, or professional goals
Promoting interaction and collaboration
Promoting interaction and collaboration means facilitating learners' communication and cooperation with each other. Interaction and collaboration can be promoted by using cooperative learning and group work. Cooperative learning is a teaching method that involves learners working together in small groups to achieve a common goal. Group work is a learning activity that involves learners working together in groups to complete a task or project. Teachers can use cooperative learning and group work to:
Assess learners' social skills before assigning them to groups
Promote interaction and collaboration by forming heterogeneous groups, assigning roles, setting rules, and monitoring progress
Help learners develop their interpersonal, communication, teamwork, and leadership skills
Help learners share their ideas, opinions, perspectives, and feedback with each other
Providing scaffolding and guidance
Providing scaffolding and guidance means supporting learners' comprehension and application of the topic. Scaffolding and guidance can be provided by using zone of proximal development and modeling. Zone of proximal development is a concept that describes the difference between what learners can do independently and what they can do with assistance from others. Modeling is a technique that involves demonstrating or exemplifying a skill or behavior for learners to observe and imitate. Teachers can use zone of proximal development and modeling to:
Assess learners' readiness levels before introducing new topics
Provide scaffolding and guidance by adjusting the level of difficulty, complexity, or support according to learners' needs
Help learners acquire new skills or behaviors by showing them examples, steps, or strategies
Help learners apply new skills or behaviors by giving them practice opportunities, feedback, or reinforcement
Encouraging self-regulation and metacognition
Encouraging self-regulation and metacognition
Encouraging self-regulation and metacognition means fostering learners' awareness and control of their own learning processes. Self-regulation and metacognition can be encouraged by using self-questioning and think-aloud. Self-questioning is a strategy that involves learners asking themselves questions before, during, or after learning to guide their thinking and learning. Think-aloud is a technique that involves learners verbalizing their thoughts or actions while performing a task or solving a problem. Teachers can use self-questioning and think-aloud to:
Assess learners' self-regulation and metacognition levels before engaging them in new topics
Encourage self-regulation and metacognition by modeling or prompting learners to use self-questioning and think-aloud
Help learners monitor and regulate their own learning processes by using self-questioning and think-aloud
Help learners evaluate and reflect on their own learning outcomes by using self-questioning and think-aloud
What are the challenges and opportunities for facilitating learning?
Facilitating learning is not without its challenges and opportunities. Some of the challenges and opportunities are:
Challenges
Some of the challenges that teachers may face when facilitating learning are:
Lack of time: Teachers may not have enough time to plan, implement, and evaluate their instruction effectively.
Lack of resources: Teachers may not have access to adequate materials, equipment, technology, or facilities to support their instruction.
Lack of support: Teachers may not receive enough guidance, feedback, recognition, or incentives from their administrators, colleagues, or parents.
Lack of training: Teachers may not have sufficient knowledge, skills, or confidence to facilitate learning effectively.
Lack of alignment: Teachers may encounter conflicts or inconsistencies between their instruction and the curriculum standards, assessment methods, or policies.
Opportunities
Some of the opportunities that teachers may have when facilitating learning are:
Technology: Teachers can use technology to enhance their instruction by providing multimedia, interactivity, personalization, collaboration, feedback, and assessment.
Innovation: Teachers can use innovation to improve their instruction by adopting new methods, strategies, tools, or practices that suit their context and goals.
Diversity: Teachers can use diversity to enrich their instruction by embracing the different backgrounds, cultures, languages, abilities, interests, and styles of their learners.
Collaboration: Teachers can use collaboration to strengthen their instruction by working with other teachers, experts, or stakeholders to share ideas, resources, experiences, or feedback.
Reflection: Teachers can use reflection to enhance their instruction by examining their own beliefs, assumptions, actions, and outcomes to identify their strengths and weaknesses.
Conclusion
Facilitating learning is a book that teaches teachers how to apply the principles of metacognition to enhance their teaching skills. Facilitating learning involves using the metacognitive process of planning, monitoring, and evaluating to manage one's own learning. Facilitating learning also requires using various strategies that can activate prior knowledge, engage interest, promote interaction and collaboration, provide scaffolding and guidance, and encourage self-regulation and metacognition. Facilitating learning has many benefits for both teachers and students. However, facilitating learning also has some challenges and opportunities that teachers need to overcome or seize. Facilitating learning is a valuable resource for teachers who want to improve their teaching effectiveness and learner outcomes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some frequently asked questions about facilitating learning:
Q: Who are the authors of Facilitating Learning?
A: The authors of Facilitating Learning are Maria Rita D. Lucas and Brenda B. Corpuz. They are both professors of education at Centro Escolar University in the Philippines.
Q: What is the main theme of Facilitating Learning?
A: The main theme of Facilitating Learning is metacognition. Metacognition is the awareness and control of one's own thinking and learning processes.
Q: What are the three phases of the metacognitive process?
A: The three phases of the metacognitive process are planning, monitoring, and evaluating. These are the phases that guide teachers and students in managing their own learning.
Q: What are some of the strategies for facilitating learning?
A: Some of the strategies for facilitating learning are activating prior knowledge, engaging learners' interest, promoting interaction and collaboration, providing scaffolding and guidance, and encouraging self-regulation and metacognition.
Q: What are some of the challenges and opportunities for facilitating learning?
A: Some of the challenges for facilitating learning are lack of time, resources, support, training, or alignment. Some of the opportunities for facilitating learning are technology, innovation, diversity, collaboration, or reflection. 71b2f0854b